Yintoni engalunganga ngezikhokelo ze-EU SUP? Ukuchasa? Ixhasiwe?

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Yintoni engalunganga ngezikhokelo ze-EU SUP? Ukuchasa? Ixhasiwe?

Ukufunda okungundoqo: Ulawulo longcoliseko lweplastiki luhlala luphikisana, kwaye kukho namazwi ahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwe-SUP European Union.

Ngokutsho kweSiqendu 12 se-Disposable Plastics Directive, iKhomishini yaseYurophu kufuneka ikhuphe esi sikhokelo ngaphambi komhla we-3 kaJulayi 2021. Ukupapashwa kwesi sikhokelo kulibazisekile malunga nonyaka, kodwa akuzange kutshintshe nayiphi na imihla echazwe kumyalelo.

 
I-Disposable Plastics Directive (EU) 2019/904 iyakuthintela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezithile zeplastiki ezilahlwayo, kubandakanya:

Itafile, iipleyiti, iindiza (ngaphandle kwezixhobo zonyango), izixube zesiselo

Ezinye izikhongozeli zokutya ezenziwe ngepolystyrene eyandisiweyo

Izikhongozeli zesiselo kunye neekomityi ezenziwe ngepolystyrene eyandisiweyo

Kunye neemveliso ezenziwe ngeplastiki ene-oxidizable kunye neyonakalayo

Isebenza ukusuka nge-3 kaJulayi, 2021.

Ngaba amazwe angamalungu ahlukeneyo ayasixhasa okanye ayasichasa esi sikhokelo? Kusenzima ukufikelela kwimvumelwano nokubonisa izimvo ezahluke ngokupheleleyo.

 
I-Italiya iyichasa ngamandla kuba ekuphela kokusetyenziswa okuvunyelweyo yiplastiki enokurisayikilishwa.

Umyalelo we-European SUP (iPlastiki eziLahlayo) ube nefuthe kuphuhliso lweshishini leplastiki lase-Italiya kwaye uye wagxekwa ngamagosa aphezulu ase-Italiya ngokuthintela iiplastiki ezinokubola kunye ne-compostable, kunye ne-Italy ehamba phambili kulo mba.

I-Confindustria iphinde igxeke izikhokelo zesicelo se-SUP Directive ezivunywe yiKhomishini yaseYurophu, eyandisa ukuvinjelwa kweemveliso ezinomxholo weplastiki ngaphantsi kwe-10%.

I-Ireland iyawuxhasa umyalelo we-SUP, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwiiplastiki ezilahlwayo kunye nokugxila ekuhlaziyeni kwakhona.

I-Ireland inethemba lokukhokela ukutsha kule ntsimi ngokusebenzisa inkuthazo ecacileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo. La ngamanye amanyathelo abaza kuwathatha:

 
(1) Qalisa inkqubo yokubuyisela idiphozithi

ISicwangciso sokuSebenza seNkunkuma yezoQoqosho seSetyhula sithembisa ukusungula inkqubo yediphozithi kunye nokubuyisela imali kwiibhotile zeplastiki kunye neetoti zesiselo se-aluminium ngekwindla 2022. Impendulo efunyenweyo kwindibano yoluntu ibonisa ukuba abemi banomdla kakhulu ukuphumeza esi sicwangciso ngokukhawuleza.

Ukujongana nomba we-sup akukhona nje ngokuthintela inkunkuma, kodwa kukwafuna ingqwalasela ebanzi yotshintsho kuqoqosho olujikelezayo, ekufuneka lujongwe njengelinye lamanyathelo aphambili athatyathwe ngawo onke amacandelo ukujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

I-Ireland inethuba elihle lokwamkela nokukhuthaza izenzo kunye nezenzo zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi ukuze kuphunyezwe isicwangciso sethu soqoqosho olusetyhula. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwezinto zokupakisha zeplastiki, uqoqosho lwehlabathi lulahlekelwa yi-8-120 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka - kuphela i-5% yexabiso lezinto eziphathekayo zigcinwa ukuze zisetyenziswe ngakumbi.

 
(2) Ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwi-SUP

KwiSicwangciso sokuSebenza seNkunkuma yoQoqosho kwiSetyhula, sizibophelele ekunciphiseni kakhulu inani leekomityi ze-SUP kunye nezikhongozeli zokutya esizisebenzisayo. Siza kuphonononga iindlela ezingakumbi zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zeplastiki ezilahlwayo, ezinje ngezinto zosula, iingxowa zeplastiki ezinempahla yangasese, kunye neengxowa zokuvumba zokutya.

Inkxalabo yethu yokuqala ziikomityi zekofu ezingama-22000 ezilungiswa ngeyure nganye eIreland. Oku kuphepheka ngokupheleleyo, njengoko kukho iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwaye abathengi ngabanye bakhetha ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa, okubalulekileyo kwixesha lenguqu yokwenziwa komyalelo.

Sinethemba lokukhuthaza abathengi ukuba benze ukhetho olufanelekileyo ngala manyathelo alandelayo:

Ngokufana nerhafu yengxowa yeplastiki, iya kutsalwa kuzo zonke izinto ezilahlwayo (kubandakanywa necompostable/biodegradable) iikomityi zekofu ngo-2022.

Ukuqala ngo-2022, siya kuzama ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweekomityi ezingalahlwayo (ezifana nokuhlala kwivenkile yekofu)

Ukuqala ngo-2022, siza kunyanzela abathengisi ukuba behlise amaxabiso kubathengi abazimiseleyo ukusebenzisa iikomityi ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.

Siza kuqhuba iiprojekthi zolingo kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo ezifanelekileyo kunye needolophu, siphelise ngokupheleleyo iikomityi zekofu, kwaye ekugqibeleni sifezekise ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo.

Umthendeleko wenkxaso okanye abanye abaququzeleli bemicimbi emikhulu ukuba batshintshe kwiimveliso ezilahlayo ukuya kwimveliso enokuphinda isetyenziswe ngokusebenzisa iilayisenisi okanye iinkqubo zokucwangcisa.

 
(3) Yenza abavelisi babe noxanduva ngakumbi

Kuqoqosho lwesetyhula yokwenyani, abavelisi kufuneka bathwale uxanduva lokuzinza kweemveliso abazibeka emarikeni. UXanduva loMvelisi owandisiweyo (EPR) yindlela yomgaqo-nkqubo wokusingqongileyo apho uxanduva lomvelisi lunabela kwisithuba sokusetyenziswa kobomi bomjikelo wemveliso.

E-Ireland, sisebenzise ngempumelelo le ndlela yokuphatha imijelo emininzi yenkunkuma, kuquka izixhobo zombane ezilahliweyo, iibhetri, ukupakishwa, amatayara, kunye neeplastiki zezolimo.

Ngokusekwe kule mpumelelo, siza kwazisa izisombululo ezitsha ze-EPR kwiimveliso ezininzi ze-SUP:

Iimveliso zecuba ezinezihluzo zeplastiki (phambi kwe-5 kaJanuwari 2023)

Ukosula okumanzi (phambi komhla wama-31 kuDisemba, 2024)

Ibhaluni (ngaphambi komhla wama-31 kuDisemba, 2024)

Nangona ingeyoprojekthi ye-SUP ngokobuchule, siya kwazisa kwakhona umgaqo-nkqubo ojolise kwizixhobo zokuloba zeplastiki ngaphambi komhla wama-31 kuDisemba, 2024 ukunciphisa inkunkuma yeplastiki yaselwandle.

 
(4) Ukuthintela ukubeka ezi mveliso kwimarike

Umyalelo uya kuqala ukusebenza nge-3 kaJulayi, kwaye ukususela ngaloo mhla, ezi mveliso zilandelayo zeplastiki ezilahlwayo ziya kuthintelwa ukuba zibekwe kwimarike yase-Ireland:

·Pipette

·Umqhushumbisi

ipleyiti

itafile

izinti

Iikomityi zePolystyrene kunye nezitya zokutya

Iswayi yomqhaphu

Zonke iimveliso eziqulathe iiplastiki ezonakeleyo ngeoksijini (hayi nje iimveliso zeplastiki ezilahlwayo)

 
Ukongezelela, ukususela ngoJulayi 3, 2024, nayiphi na isitya sesiselo (ibhotile, ibhokisi yekhadibhodi, njl.) engadluli iilitha ezi-3 ziya kuthintelwa ukuba zithengiswe kwiimarike zaseIreland.

Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2030, naziphi na iibhotile zeplastiki ezingenayo i-30% yezithako ezinokurisayiklishwa nazo ziya kuvalelwa ukusetyenziswa.

 
Iindaba zaseTshayina ezikhethiweyo zaphesheya:

Ukususela ngomhla wesi-3 kuJulayi, amazwe angamalungu e-EU kuya kufuneka avalelise ekusebenziseni iiplastiki ezilahlwayo kunye ne-biodegradable, kwaye avumele kuphela ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe. IKhomishini yaseYurophu iye yalawula ukuba ayinakubekwa kwimarike ye-EU kuba ikholelwa ukuba iiplastiki ziyingozi kubomi baselwandle, i-biodiversity kunye nempilo yethu. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zeplastiki ezilahlwayo kunokunceda ukukhusela impilo yabantu kunye noMhlaba.

Lo mgaqo-nkqubo unokuchaphazela kakhulu ubomi kunye nomsebenzi wamaTshayina kunye nabahlobo bethu basesitalatweni.

Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi izinto eziya kuthi ngokuthe ngcembe zitshintshwe ngezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo emva kwe-3 kaJulayi:

Ngokomzekelo, kwiqela, iibhaluni, iibhotile zebhotile ezinomthamo ongekho ngaphezu kweelitha ezi-3, iikomityi ze-polystyrene ze-foam, i-tableware elahlayo, i-straws, kunye namacwecwe, kuphela iimveliso ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.

Ishishini lokupakishwa kokutya nalo liza kunyanzeleka ukuba litshintshe, ngokupakishwa kokutya kungasasebenzisi iiplastiki ezinokonakala kwaye kusetyenziswa iphepha kuphela.

Kukwakho nenapkins zococeko, iitamponi, izosula, iibhegi, kunye necotton swabs. Iingcebiso zokucoca imidiza nazo ziya kutshintsha, kwaye ishishini lokuloba liya kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zeplastiki (ngokweGreenpeace, iitoni ezingama-640000 zeminatha yokuloba kunye nezixhobo zeplastiki zilahlwa elwandle minyaka le, kwaye enyanisweni, zezona ziphambili. abenzi bobubi ekutshabalaliseni ulwandle)

Ezi mveliso ziya kulawulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunye nabavelisi bahlawule 'iintlawulo zongcoliseko'.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, amanyathelo anjalo aye atsala ukugxekwa kunye neengxabano ezivela kumazwe amaninzi, njengoko le ntshukumo iya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimisebenzi ye-160000 kunye neshishini leplastiki lonke e-Italy.

Kwaye i-Italiya yenza konke okusemandleni ukuxhathisa, kwiiyure ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, uRoberto Cingolani, uMphathiswa wezoTshintsho kwiNdawo, uhlasele: “Inkcazo ye-EU yokuvalwa kweplastiki iyamangalisa kakhulu. Unokusebenzisa kuphela iiplastiki ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye ungavumeli ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezibolayo. Ilizwe lethu lihamba phambili kwicandelo leeplastiki ezinokubola, kodwa asinako ukuzisebenzisa kuba kukho umyalelo ohlekisayo othi 'ziiplastiki ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe ezinokusetyenziswa'.

Oku kunokuchaphazela nokuthunyelwa kwempahla encinci evela eTshayina. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuthumela ngaphandle iimveliso zeplastiki kumazwe e-EU kunokuba phantsi kwemiqathango kunye neemfuno zezinto eziphathekayo. I-European Union ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuselweni kwendalo, yiyo loo nto kukho iilwandle ezininzi ezidumileyo, iilwandle ezintle nezicacileyo, kunye namahlathi achumileyo.

Andazi ukuba wonke umntu uye waqaphela, umzekelo, ukutya okukhawulezayo okufana noMcDonald's kuye kwatshintsha ngokuzolileyo izitya zeplastiki kunye nezivalo zekomityi ezineziciko zephepha kunye neziciko zodiza. Mhlawumbi kwizigaba zokuqala zokuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo, abantu abanakuqhelana nabo, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe baya kwamkelwa njengento eqhelekileyo.

Uphononongo lwezinto eziphambili kunye neenjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo weplastiki we-EU:

Utshintsho olukhulu luyeza kungekudala, kodwa ukuba siyalwamkela, sinokufumana inzuzo yezoqoqosho, yendalo, kunye nentlalontle, kwaye sibeke i-Ireland phambili kwinguqu yezoqoqosho ejikelezayo.

 
1. Ukuseka isixokelelwano esivaliweyo sokunciphisa umthamo wokungenisa kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweeplastiki

Ngaphambili, indlela yonyango eqhelekileyo yenkunkuma yeplastiki eYurophu yayikukuhambisa iChina nakwamanye amazwe aseAsia, okanye amashishini amancinci eMzantsi Melika. Kwaye la mashishini amancinci anesakhono esilinganiselweyo sokuphatha iplastiki, kwaye ekugqibeleni inkunkuma inokulahlwa kuphela okanye ingcwatywe kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, ebangela ukungcoliseka okukhulu kokusingqongileyo. Ngoku, i-China ivale umnyango "kwinkunkuma yangaphandle", eqhuba i-European Union ukuqinisa unyango lweplastiki.

2. Ukwakha iziseko ezingundoqo zokusetyenzwa ngasemva kweplastiki

3. Ukuphucula ukucuthwa kweplastiki kwindawo yomthombo kunye nokukhuthaza ukurisayikilishwa

Ukomeleza ukucuthwa kweplastiki kumthombo kufuneka kube yeyona ndlela iphambili yemigaqo-nkqubo yeplastiki yexesha elizayo. Ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma, ingqwalasela ephambili kufuneka inikwe ekucuthweni kwemithombo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona, ngelixa ukurisayikilishwa kufuneka kube “sesinye isicwangciso” kuphela.

4. Ukuphucula ukusebenziseka kwakhona kwemveliso

'Esinye isicwangciso' sokurisayikilisha sibhekiselele kumgaqo-nkqubo wokukhuthaza abavelisi ukuba baphucule ukomelela kweemveliso zabo kunye nokuseta ubuncinane bomxholo wokurisayikilishwa (okt umlinganiselo wezinto ezinokurisayikilishwa eziqulathwe yiplastiki) ukuphendula kusetyenziso olungenakuthintelwa lweplastiki. Apha, 'uThengo loLuntu oluHlaza' kufuneka lube ngomnye wemigangatho ebalulekileyo yoshishino.

5. Xoxa ngamathuba okuhlawulisa irhafu yeplastiki

I-European Union okwangoku ixoxa malunga nokuba ihlawuliswe irhafu yeplastiki, kodwa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo ethile iya kuphunyezwa akukaqinisekwa.

 
UMnu. Favoino uphinde wanika amanqanaba e-EU eplastiki yokuphinda asetyenziswe: izinga lokuphinda lisetyenziswe kwiplastiki liyi-15% kuphela, ngelixa eYurophu lingama-40% -50%.

 
Oku kungenxa yenkqubo yoXanduva loMvelisi owandisiweyo (EPR) esekwe yiManyano yaseYurophu, apho abavelisi kufuneka bathwale inxalenye yeendleko zokurisayikilishwa. Nangona kunjalo, nangenkqubo enjalo, yi-50% kuphela yokupakishwa kweplastiki eYurophu ephinda isetyenziswe. Ke, ukurisayikilishwa kweeplastiki kusekude ngokwaneleyo.

Ukuba akukho manyathelo athathwayo ngokweendlela zangoku, ukuveliswa kweplastiki yehlabathi kuya kuphinda kabini ngo-2050, kwaye ubunzima beplastiki elwandle buya kudlula ubunzima obupheleleyo beentlanzi.

Feel free to discuss with William : williamchan@yitolibrary.com