Ungcoliseko lweplastiki ngumceli mngeni wokusingqongileyo kwinkxalabo yehlabathi. Amazwe amaninzi ngakumbi nangakumbi aqhubeka nokuphucula amanyathelo "umda weplasitiki", uphando olusebenzayo kunye nokukhuthaza ezinye iimveliso zolawulo lweplastiki, kunye nokukhuthaza imveliso yongcoliseko lweplastiki, kwaye ikhuthaze imveliso eluhlaza kunye nendlela yokuphila.
Yintoni iplastiki?
Iiplasitiki zeklasi yezixhobo eziqukethwe zii-syntmetic okanye ze-semi-syntatic eziphezulu zemolekyuli. Ezi polimers zinokusekwa ngeZimo zePolymerizazaration, ngelixa iimveliso zepetrochemical zinokuba ziimveliso zepetrochemical okanye iimpuphu zemvelaphi yendalo. Iiplasitiki zidlahlulwe zahlulwahlulwa ze-thermoplastic kwaye zithintela iindidi ezimbini, ubunzima bokukhanya, ukufakwa okuhle, ipliphu zeplastiki kunye nezinye iimpawu. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zeplastiki zibandakanya i-polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, i-polystyrene, njl njl. Nangona kunjalo, kuba kukho iplastiki kunzima ukuphelisa, ixesha labo lokusebenzisa ixesha lokuphakamisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nemicimbi yokomelela.
Ngaba singabuphila ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla ngaphandle kweplastiki?
Ibala leplastiki linokungena kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, ikakhulu ngenxa yeendleko zemveliso ephantsi kunye nokuqina kwayo. Kwangelo xesha, xa iplastiki isetyenziswa ekupakishwe ngokutya, ngenxa yepropathi yayo ebalaseleyo yokutya kunye nolwelo, inokunciphisa iingxaki zokutya, ukunciphisa iingxaki zokutya kunye nenkunkuma yokutya kunye nenkunkuma yokutya. Oko kuthetha ukuba kuphantse akunakwenzeka ukuba sikhuphe iplastiki ngokupheleleyo. Nangona zininzi iindlela onokukhetha kuzo kwihlabathi liphela, ezinje nge-qamboo, iglasi, intsimbi, ilaphu, ilaphu, lingakwaziswa, kusekho indlela eninzi yokuhamba nayo yonke.
Ngelishwa, asiyi kuba nakho ukuvala iplastiki ngokupheleleyo kude kube kukho ezinye iindlela zokwakha izinto ezivela kwisakhiwo kunye neendawo zokuziphatha ezizezonyango kwiibhotile zamanzi kunye neethoyi.
Amanyathelo athatyathwe ngamazwe onke
Njengoko ulwazi ngengozi yeplastiki sele lukhule, amazwe amaninzi afudukele ukuba afune iplastiki-sebenzisa iingxowa zeplastiki enye kunye / okanye iintlawulo zokuhlawula ukukhuthaza abantu ukuba batshintshe ezinye iindlela zokutshintsha kwezinye iindlela. Ngokweengxelo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye neeNgxelo zeMithombo yeendaba ezininzi, amazwe angama-77 ehlabathi avaliwe, avaliwe okanye ahlawulwe irhafu okanye iingxowa zeplastiki enye.
Fransi
Ukususela nge-1 kaJanuwari, 2023, i-French Fiedy Retay yokutya inikelwe "umda weplasitiki" - itafile yeplastiki "yeplastiki yeplastiki kufuneka itshintshwe ngetafile enokuphinda isebenze. Lo ngummiselo omtsha eFrance ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zeplastiki kwintsimi yokupheka emva kokuthintelwa kweebhokisi zokupakisha iplastiki kunye nokuthintelwa kokunikezelwa kweebhokisi zeplastiki.
Thayilendi
I-Thailand ivaliwe yeplastiki yeplastiki ye-microbeads kunye neplasitiki ye-oxidation - isebenzisa iingxowa zeplastiki ze-100%, iplastiki yeplastiki, i-Thailand ivunyiwe "kwi-Thailand ivunyiwe" kwiCandelo leMithombo yeNdalo kunye nokusingqongileyo, ukuwabaleka amaziko okuthenga omanani kunye neevenkile ezilula ngokubonelela ngeengxowa zeplastiki ezilahlayo ukusukela nge-1 kaJanuwari, 2020.
Jemani
EJamani, iibhotile zesiselo zeplastiki ziya kumakishwa ngeplastiki ehlaziyiweyo kwindawo ebonakalayo, iibhiskithi, i-pasda kunye nezinye iifilimu zevenkile, kwaye zenziwe kwiPlastiki, zenziwe ngeplastiki ezihlaziyiweyo. Ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweplastiki yokuphinda isebenze eJamani kunxulumene nokwanda kwengqondo yokukhuseleka kwengqondo yokukhuseleka kwemveliso kunye nokuqiniswa kwemithetho yokupakisha imveliso kunye nokuqiniswa kwemithetho yokupakisha kwimveliso eJamani kunye ne-European Union. Inkqubo yokukhawulezisa amaxabiso aphezulu aphezulu. Okwangoku, iJamani izama ukuqhubeka nokuphucula "umda weplasitiki" ekunciphiseni ukupakisha, ukubonelela ngokutsha kwendawo yokusetyenziswa, kunye nokucwangciswa kwezalathisi ezihlaziyiweyo zeplagi. Ukuhamba kukaJamani kuya kuba ngumgangatho obalulekileyo kwi-EU.
China
Ukuqala kuka-2008, i-china ingenise umdaniso "umda weplastiki", othintela imveliso, intengiso kunye neengxowa zokuthenga zeplastiki, kwaye zonke iindawo zokuthengisa, kwaye ezinye iindawo zentengiso azivumelekanga ukuba zibonelele ngeplastiki zangaphantsi.
Iyenza njani?
Xa kufikwa ku 'indlela yokwenza kakuhle', oko kuxhomekeke ekuphunyezweni kwamazwe noorhulumente babo. Iindlela ezizezinye zeplastiki kunye nezicwangciso zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki okanye ukongeza umgquba zinkulu, nangona kunjalo, bafuna ukuthenga ebantwini ukuba basebenze.
Ekugqibeleni, nasiphi na isicwangciso sokutshintsha iplasitiki, ityhila iiplanga ezithile ezinjengokusetyenziswa okungatshatanga, ukukhuthaza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona okanye i-PROCTE CEBSE iindlela zokunciphisa iplasitiki kuya kuba negalelo kulunge ngakumbi.
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