Ungcoliseko lweplastiki ngumngeni wokusingqongileyo oxhalabisayo kwihlabathi. Amazwe amaninzi aqhubeka nokuphucula "iplastiki umda" amanyathelo, uphando ngenkuthalo kunye nokuphuhlisa nokukhuthaza ezinye iimveliso, ukuqhubeka ukomeleza isikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo, ukwandisa ulwazi lwamashishini kunye noluntu ngomonakalo wongcoliseko lweplastiki kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kulwazi lweplastiki. ulawulo longcoliseko, nokukhuthaza imveliso eluhlaza kunye nendlela yokuphila.
Yintoni iplastiki?
Iiplastiki luhlobo lwemathiriyeli eyenziwe nge-synthetic okanye i-semi-synthetic high molecular polymers. Ezi polymers zinokubunjwa ngokuphendula kwe-polymerization, ngelixa ii-monomers zinokuba ziimveliso zepetrochemical okanye iikhompawundi zemvelaphi yendalo. Iiplastiki zihlala zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini ze-thermoplastic kunye ne-thermosetting, ezinobunzima obulula, ukumelana nokubola, ukugquma okulungileyo, iplastiki eyomeleleyo kunye nezinye iimpawu. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zeeplastiki ziquka i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-polystyrene, njl., Ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekupakishweni, ukwakhiwa, unyango, i-electronics kunye neemoto. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni iiplastiki zinzima ukuthotywa, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwexesha elide kuphakamisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nemiba yokuzinza.
Ngaba singaphila ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla ngaphandle kweplastiki?
Iiplastiki zinokungena kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, ikakhulu ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi zemveliso kunye nokuqina kwayo okugqwesileyo. Ngelo xesha, xa iplastiki isetyenziselwa ukupakishwa kokutya, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle zokuthintela kwiigesi kunye nolwelo, inokwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ixesha leshelufu lokutya, ukunciphisa iingxaki zokhuseleko lokutya kunye nenkunkuma yokutya. Oko kuthetha ukuba phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba siyilahle ngokupheleleyo iplastiki. Nangona kukho izinto ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo kwihlabathi jikelele, ezifana ne-bamboo, iglasi, isinyithi, ilaphu, i-compostable kunye ne-biodegradable, kusekho indlela ende yokuhamba ukuze utshintshe zonke.
Ngelishwa, asizukwazi ukuvala iplastiki ngokupheleleyo de kubekho ezinye iindlela zayo yonke into ukusuka kwizakhiwo kunye nokufakelwa kwezonyango ukuya kwiibhotile zamanzi kunye nezinto zokudlala.
Amanyathelo athathwa ngamazwe ngamanye
Njengoko ulwazi lweengozi zeplastiki lukhulile, amazwe amaninzi aye ahamba avala ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastiki kunye / okanye ukubiza imali yokukhuthaza abantu ukuba batshintshele kwezinye iindlela. Ngokwamaxwebhu eZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye neengxelo ezininzi zemithombo yeendaba, amazwe angama-77 kwihlabathi liphela athintele, avala ngokuyinxenye okanye arhafisa iingxowa zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye.
Fransi
Ukusukela nge-1 kaJanuwari ka-2023, iiresityu zokutya okukhawulezayo zaseFransi zingenise "umda weplastiki" omtsha-itafile yeplastiki elahlayo kufuneka itshintshwe ngetafile enokuphinda isetyenziswe. Lo ngummiselo omtsha eFransi ukukhawulela ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zeplastiki kwintsimi yokutya emva kokuvinjelwa kokusetyenziswa kweebhokisi zokupakisha zeplastiki kunye nokuvinjelwa kokunikezelwa kweengca zeplastiki.
Thayilendi
I-Thailand yavala iimveliso zeplastiki ezinje nge-microbeads zeplastiki kunye neeplastiki ezonakaliswa yi-oxidation ekupheleni kuka-2019, yayeka ukusebenzisa iingxowa zeplastiki ezikhaphukhaphu ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-36 microns, izitro zeplastiki, iibhokisi zokutya ze-styrofoam, iikomityi zeplastiki, njl., kwaye bafezekise injongo. ye-100% yokuphinda isetyenziswe inkunkuma yeplastiki ngo-2027. Ekupheleni kukaNovemba ka-2019, iThailand yavuma isiphakamiso "sokuvalwa kweplastiki" esicetywayo nguMphathiswa wezobuLungisa beNdalo kunye nokusiNgqongileyo, ukuvala iindawo zokuthenga ezinkulu kunye neevenkile eziluncedo ekuboneleleni iingxowa zeplastiki ezilahlwayo ukususela nge-1 kaJanuwari, 2020.
Jemani
EJamani, iibhotile zesiselo zeplastiki ziya kumakishwa nge-100% yeplastiki evuselelekayo kwindawo ephakamileyo, iibhiskithi, i-snacks, i-pasta kunye nezinye iingxowa zokutya nazo ziqalisile ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu leeplastiki ezivuselelekayo, kwaye nakwindawo yokugcina impahla, ukupakisha iifilimu zemveliso. , iibhokisi zeplastiki kunye neepaliti zokuhanjiswa, nazo zenziwe ngeeplastiki ezivuselelekayo. Uphuculo oluqhubekayo lokurisayikilishwa kweplastiki eJamani kunxulumene nokukhula kokuthandwa kweengqikelelo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokuqiniswa kwemithetho yokupakishwa kwemveliso eJamani nakwiManyano yaseYurophu. Inkqubo iya isantya phakathi kwamaxabiso aphezulu amandla. Okwangoku, iJamani izama ukuqhubela phambili ukukhuthaza "umda weplastiki" ekunciphiseni inani lokupakisha, ukukhuthaza ukuphunyezwa kokupakishwa okusebenzisekayo, ukwandisa umgangatho ophezulu wokuphinda uvale i-loop, kunye nokumisela izikhombisi ezinyanzelekileyo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ukupakishwa kweplastiki. Intshukumo yaseJamani iba ngumgangatho obalulekileyo kwi-EU.
eTshayina
Kwangoko ngo-2008, i-China iphumeze "i-plastic limit order", ethintela ukuveliswa, ukuthengiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweengxowa zokuthenga zeplastiki ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-0.025 mm kwilizwe lonke, kunye nazo zonke iivenkile ezinkulu, iivenkile, iimarike kunye nezinye iindawo zokuthengisa. abavumelekanga ukuba babonelele ngeengxowa zokuthenga zeplastiki simahla.
Ukwenza njani kakuhle?
Xa kuziwa 'kwindlela yokwenza kakuhle', oko kuxhomekeke ekwamkelweni kwamazwe kunye noorhulumente bawo. Iindlela ezizezinye zeplastiki kunye nezicwangciso zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki okanye ukonyusa umgquba zilungile, nangona kunjalo, zifuna ukuthenga ebantwini ukuba basebenze.
Ekugqibeleni, nasiphi na isicwangciso esinokuthi sithathe indawo yeplastiki, ivala iiplastiki ezithile ezinjengokusetyenziswa kanye, ikhuthaza ukuphinda isetyenziswe okanye i-composting kwaye ifuna ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa iplastiki iya kuba negalelo kwizinto ezilungileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-12-2023