Xa abantu becinga ngolawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo, basenokulunxulumanisa nenkunkuma elahlwa kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye itshiswe. Ngelixa imisebenzi enjalo ibandakanya inxenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezibandakanyekayo ekudalweni kwenkqubo yolawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo edibeneyo (ISWM). Umzekelo, iindlela zonyango zisebenza ukunciphisa umthamo kunye netyhefu yenkunkuma eqinileyo. La manyathelo anokuyiguqula ibe yindlela elungele ukulahlwa. Ukuphathwa kwenkunkuma kunye neendlela zokulahla zikhethwa kwaye zisetyenziswe ngokusekelwe kwifom, ukubunjwa, kunye nobuninzi bezinto ezichithwayo.
Nazi iindlela eziphambili zokunyanga inkunkuma kunye neendlela zokuyilahla:
Unyango lwe-Thermal
Ukunyangwa kwenkunkuma eshushu kubhekiselele kwiinkqubo ezisebenzisa ubushushu ukunyanga izinto ezilahlwayo. Ezi zilandelayo zezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokunyanga inkunkuma eshushu:
Ukutshisa lolona nyango luxhaphakileyo lwenkunkuma. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukutshiswa kwezinto ezilahlwayo phambi kweoksijini. Le ndlela yonyango ye-thermal isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengendlela yokubuyisela amandla ombane okanye ukufudumeza. Le ndlela ineengenelo ezininzi. Inciphisa ngokukhawuleza umthamo wenkunkuma, ithobe iindleko zothutho kwaye yehlise nokukhutshwa kwerhasi eyingozi yegreenhouse.
I-Gasification kunye ne-Pyrolysis ziindlela ezimbini ezifanayo, zombini ezo zibolisa inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo ngokubeka inkunkuma kwixabiso eliphantsi le-oksijini kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu. I-Pyrolysis ayisebenzisi kwaphela ioksijini ngelixa i-gasification ivumela inani eliphantsi kakhulu le-oksijini kwinkqubo. Ukufakwa kwegesi kunenzuzo ngakumbi njengoko kuvumela inkqubo yokutshisa ukubuyisela amandla ngaphandle kokubangela ungcoliseko lomoya.
Ukutshisa okuvulekileyo lunyango lwenkunkuma yobushushu ekudala inobungozi kokusingqongileyo. Izitshisi ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo enjalo azinazixhobo zokulawula ungcoliseko. Bakhupha izinto ezifana ne-hexachlorobenzene, i-dioxins, i-carbon monoxide, i-particulate matter, i-volatile organic compounds, i-polycyclic compounds enuka kamnandi, kunye nothuthu. Ngelishwa, le ndlela isasetyenziswa ngabasemagunyeni abaninzi basekhaya kumazwe ngamazwe, njengoko ibonelela ngesisombululo esingabizi kakhulu kwinkunkuma eqinileyo.
Iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kunye neNdawo zokulahla inkunkuma
Iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma zibonelela ngesona sisombululo sixhaphakileyo sokulahla inkunkuma. Ezi ndawo zokulahla inkunkuma zinqweneleka ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi zendalo okanye impilo yoluntu ngenxa yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma. Ezi sayithi zikwindawo apho iimpawu zomhlaba zisebenza njengezithinteli zendalo phakathi kokusingqongileyo kunye netiphu. Umzekelo, indawo yokulahla inkunkuma inokuqukwa ngumhlaba wodongwe okwaziyo ukumelana nenkunkuma eyingozi okanye obonakala ngokungabikho kwamanzi aphezu komhlaba okanye itafile enamanzi asezantsi, ukuthintela umngcipheko wongcoliseko lwamanzi. Ukusetyenziswa kweendawo zokulahla inkunkuma kuzisa owona mngcipheko umncinci wezempilo kunye nokusingqongileyo, kodwa iindleko zokumisela ezo ndawo zokulahla inkunkuma ziphezulu ngokuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokulahla inkunkuma.
Iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezilawulwayo ziyafana okanye ziyafana neendawo zokulahla inkunkuma. Ezi nkunkuma zithobela uninzi lweemfuneko zokuba yindawo yokulahla inkunkuma ecocekileyo kodwa zinokunqongophala ibe nye okanye zibe mbini. Ukulahla okunjalo kusenokuba nomthamo ocetywe kakuhle kodwa kungabikho cwangciso lweeseli. Kusenokungabikho okanye kulawulo lwegesi oluyinxenye, ukugcinwa kweerekhodi ezisisiseko, okanye i-inshorensi eqhelekileyo.
Ukulahla inkunkuma ye-Bioreactor ziziphumo zophando lwamva nje lwetekhnoloji. Ezi nkunkuma zisebenzisa iinkqubo eziphezulu ze-microbiological ukukhawulezisa ukubola kwenkunkuma. Uphawu olulawulayo lulongezelelo oluqhubekayo lolwelo ukugcina ukufuma okona kulungileyo kwi-microbial digestion. Ulwelo longezwa ngokujikeleziswa ngokutsha i-leachate yetiphu. Xa isixa se-leachate singonelanga, kusetyenziswa inkunkuma engamanzi efana nodaka lwelindle.
Bioremediation
I-Bioremediation isebenzisa ii-microorganisms ukudiliza kunye nokususa izinto ezingcolileyo kumhlaba ongcolileyo okanye emanzini. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuchitheka kweoyile, amanzi amdaka avela kwimizi-mveliso, kunye nezinye iindlela zongcoliseko. Ixhaphakile kwiziza ezingcolisekileyo kunye neentlobo ezithile zenkunkuma enobungozi.
Ukwenza umgquba yenye indlela yokulahla inkunkuma esetyenziswa rhoqo okanye indlela yonyango elawulwa yi-aerobic ukubola kwenkunkuma ephilayo ngesenzo sezilwanyana ezincinci ezingenamqolo kunye nee microorganisms. Obona buchule buxhaphakileyo bokwenza umgquba buquka ukuvundisa kweengqumba ezingatshintshiyo, ukuvundisa ngezinambuzane ezonakalisayo, ukuvundisa kwi-windrow kunye ne-compost engaphakathi kwisitya.
I-Anaerobic Digestion ikwasebenzisa iinkqubo zebhayoloji ukubola izinto eziphilayo. I-Anaerobic Digestion, nangona kunjalo, isebenzisa indawo ye-oksijini kunye nebhaktiriya ukuze ibolise imathiriyeli yenkunkuma apho umgquba kufuneka ube nomoya ukuze kukhule iintsholongwane.
Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimpawu ezithile zenkunkuma, imimiselo yokusingqongileyo, kunye neemeko zendawo xa ukhetha unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nendlela yokulahla. Iinkqubo ezidibeneyo zolawulo lwenkunkuma ezidibanisa iindlela ezininzi zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukujongana nemijelo yenkunkuma eyahlukeneyo ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, ulwazi lukawonke-wonke kunye nentatho-nxaxheba ekucuthweni kwenkunkuma kunye neenzame zokuhlaziya idlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwenkunkuma oluzinzileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-20-2023