Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, intetho malunga nezixhobo ezizinzileyo ifumene umfutho ongazange ubonwe ngaphambili, ihambelana nokukhula kokuqonda kweziphumo zendalo ezinxulumene neeplastiki eziqhelekileyo. Izinto eziguquguqukayo zeBiodegradable ziye zavela njengokukhanya kwethemba, kubandakanya i-ethos yoqoqosho lwesetyhula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ezinoxanduva.Izinto eziguquguqukayo ze-biodegradable zibandakanya uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweendidi, ngalinye linegalelo elikhethekileyo ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
1.PHA
I-Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) ziipolima ezibolisiweyo ezidityaniswe ziimicroorganisms, ngokuqhelekileyo ibhaktiriya, phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Yenziwe ngeemonomers ze-hydroxyalkanoic acid, i-PHA iphawuleka ngokubola kwayo, ukufunyanwa okuhlaziyekayo kwiswekile yezityalo, kunye neempawu zemathiriyeli eziguquguqukayo. Ngezicelo ezivela kwipakethe ukuya kwizixhobo zonyango, i-PHA imele i-eco-friendly enye ethembisayo kwiiplastiki eziqhelekileyo, nangona ijongene nemingeni eqhubekayo kwindleko-esebenzayo kunye nemveliso enkulu.
2.PLA
I-Polylactic Acid (PLA) yi-biodegradable kunye ne-bioactive thermoplastic ephuma kwimithombo evuselelekayo efana nesitatshi sombona okanye ummoba. Eyaziwayo ngendalo yayo ecacileyo kunye nekristale, i-PLA ibonisa iimpawu ezincomekayo zoomatshini. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukupakishwa, iingubo, kunye nezixhobo ze-biomedical, i-PLA ibhiyozelwa ngokuhambelana ne-biocompatibility kunye namandla okunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Njengenye indlela ezinzileyo kwiiplastiki zendabuko, i-PLA ihambelana nogxininiso olukhulayo kwizinto eziphathekayo kwi-eco-friendly kwi-industries eyahlukeneyo.Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-polylactic acid ikhululekile ekungcoleni kwaye imveliso i-biodegradable. Iqonda umjikelo kwindalo kwaye iyimathiriyeli yepolymer eluhlaza.
3.Iselulosi
Iselulosi, ephuma kwiindonga zeeseli zezityalo, yinto eguquguqukayo eyandayo ifumana ingqalelo kwishishini lokupakisha. Njengomthombo ohlaziyekayo kunye nobuninzi, i-cellulose inika enye indlela ezinzileyo kwizinto eziqhelekileyo zokupakisha. Nokuba zithathwe kwintlama yomthi, umqhaphu, okanye iintsalela zezolimo, ukupakishwa kweselulosi kubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi.Ipakethe esekwe kwiCellulose iyabola ngokwendalo, yophuka ngokwendalo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuqulunqwa okuthile kungaphinda kuyilwe ukuba kufakwe i-compostable, igalelo ekunciphiseni inkunkuma yendalo.
4.PPC
I-Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC) yipolymer ye-thermoplastic edibanisa iimpawu ze-polypropylene kunye nezo ze-polycarbonate. Yimathiriyeli esekwe kwibhayoloji kunye ne-biodegradable, enikezela ngenye indlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwiiplastiki zesintu. I-PPC ivela kwi-carbon dioxide kunye ne-propylene oxide, okwenza kube yinto ehlaziyiweyo kunye neyokugcina.I-PPC yenzelwe ukuba i-biodegradable phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ukuyivumela ukuba ihlehle ibe ngamacandelo endalo ekuhambeni kwexesha, igalelo ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
5.PHB
I-Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) yi-biodegradable kunye ne-bio-based polyester ephuma kusapho lwe-polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). I-PHB idityaniswe zii-microorganisms ezahlukeneyo njengesixhobo sokugcina amandla. Iyaphawuleka ngokubola kwayo, ukubonelelwa ngokutsha, kunye nendalo ye-thermoplastic, iyenza ibe ngumgqatswa othembisayo kukhangelo lwezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo kwiiplastiki zesintu. I-PHB ingonakaliswa ngokwendalo, oko kuthetha ukuba inokwahlulwa ziintsholongwane kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, inegalelo ekuncitshisweni kwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo xa kuthelekiswa neeplastiki ezingonakali.
6.Isitatshi
Kwindawo yokupakisha, isitashi sidlala indima ebalulekileyo njengento ezinzileyo neyonakaliswa yi-biodegradable, enikezela ngeendlela ezilungele ukusingqongileyo kwiiplastiki eziqhelekileyo. Ithathwe kwimithombo yezityalo, ukupakishwa okusekelwe kwi-starch kuhambelana nomzamo wehlabathi jikelele wokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezinto zokupakisha.
7.PBAT
I-PBAT yi-biodegradable kunye ne-compostable polymer yosapho lwe-aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters. Esi sixhobo sisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi senzelwe ukujongana neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene neeplastiki zemveli, ezinikezela ngenye indlela ezinzileyo. I-PBAT inokufunyanwa kwizibonelelo ezivuselelekayo, ezifana nezityalo ezisekelwe kwizityalo. Oku kufunwa okunokuhlaziywa kuhambelana nenjongo yokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimithombo yefosili ephelayo. Kwaye yenzelwe ukuthotywa kwebhayoloji phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo. Ii-Microorganisms ziqhekeza i-polymer ibe yimveliso yendalo, igalelo ekunciphiseni inkunkuma yeplastiki.
Ukwaziswa kwemathiriyeli enokubola ngebhayoloji kuphawula utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezizinzileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ezi zixhobo, eziphuma kwimithombo evuselelekayo, zinamandla okubolisa ngokwendalo, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Imizekelo ephawulekayo ibandakanya i-Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), i-Polylactic Acid (PLA), kunye ne-Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC), nganye inika iipropati ezizodwa ezifana nokubola kwe-biodegradability, i-sourcing evuselelekayo, kunye nokuguquguquka. Ukwamkela imathiriyeli enokubola ilungelelaniswa nokutyhalela phambili kwehlabathi kwiindlela ezilungele i-eco-friendly kuneeplastiki zesintu, ukujongana neenkxalabo ezinxulumene nongcoliseko kunye nokuncipha kobutyebi. Ezi zixhobo zifumana izicelo kwipakethe, iingubo, kunye nezixhobo zonyango, igalelo kuqoqosho lwesetyhula apho iimveliso ziyilwe ngokuqwalasela ukuphela kobomi babo. Ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni efana nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nemveliso emikhulu, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kujolise ekwandiseni ukusebenza kwemathiriyeli enokubola, ukukhuthaza ikamva elizinzileyo nelinokuqonda kokusingqongileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-07-2023